òòò½Íø Review
ISSN 0002-8282 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7981 (Online)
Innovative Ideas and Gender (In)equality
òòò½Íø Review
vol. 115,
no. 7, July 2025
(pp. 2207–36)
Abstract
This paper analyzes recognition of women's innovative ideas compared to men's using bibliometric data in economics, mathematics, and sociology. I establish similarities between papers to construct relevant counterfactual citations. On average, all-female papers receive 10 percent fewer citations than all-male papers, a disparity reduced by 40 percent when considering team sizes and disappearing in most fields with authors' publication records. Additionally, strong in-group preferences emerge: All-male teams omit more papers with women, and vice versa. Accounting for publication histories, female scholars are cited 0 percent (economics) to 11 percent (mathematics) less, with early-career women enduring a 9–14 percent citation penalty.Citation
Koffi, Marlène. 2025. "Innovative Ideas and Gender (In)equality." òòò½Íø Review 115 (7): 2207–36. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20211811Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- A14 Sociology of Economics
- C45 Neural Networks and Related Topics
- I23 Higher Education; Research Institutions
- J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination