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  4. Fall 1999
  5. Are Preferential Trading Arrangements Trade-Liberalizing or Protectionist?

Journal of Economic Perspectives

ISSN 0895-3309 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7965 (Online)

Are Preferential Trading Arrangements Trade-Liberalizing or Protectionist?

  • Anne O. Krueger
Journal of Economic Perspectives
vol. 13, no. 4, Fall 1999
(pp. 105–124)
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Abstract

Preferential trade arrangements, and especially free trade agreements, have mushroomed in importance in the 1990s. This has revived research on the effects of these arrangements, both on the welfare of the member countries and those excluded, and on the momentum for further liberalization of the open multilateral trading system. This paper reviews the analyses and evidence to date as to these effects, showing that analytically anything can happen and that, to date, there has been insufficient experience to draw conclusions from empirical evidence.

Citation

Krueger, Anne, O. 1999. "Are Preferential Trading Arrangements Trade-Liberalizing or Protectionist?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 13 (4): 105–124. DOI: 10.1257/jep.13.4.105

JEL Classification

  • F13 Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations