Journal of Economic Perspectives
ISSN 0895-3309 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7965 (Online)
Reducing Petroleum Consumption from Transportation
Journal of Economic Perspectives
(pp. 93–118)
(Complimentary)
Abstract
The United States consumes more petroleum-based liquid fuel per capita than any other OECD high-income country—30 percent more than the second-highest country (Canada) and 40 percent more than the third-highest (Luxembourg). The transportation sector accounts for 70 percent of U.S. oil consumption and 30 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. Taking the externalities associated with high U.S. gasoline consumption as largely given, I focus on understanding the policy tools that seek to reduce this consumption. I consider four main channels through which reductions in U.S. oil consumption might take place: 1) increased fuel economy of existing vehicles, 2) increased use of non-petroleum-based, low-carbon fuels, 3) alternatives to the internal combustion engine, and 4) reduced vehicle miles traveled. I then discuss how these policies for reducing petroleum consumption compare with the standard economics prescription for using a Pigouvian tax to deal with externalities. Taking into account that energy taxes are a political hot button in the United States, and also considering some evidence that consumers may not "correctly" value fuel economy, I offer some thoughts about the margins on which policy aimed at reducing petroleum consumption might usefully proceed.Citation
Knittel, Christopher R. 2012. "Reducing Petroleum Consumption from Transportation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 26 (1): 93–118. DOI: 10.1257/jep.26.1.93JEL Classification
- Q41 Energy: Demand and Supply
- Q48 Energy: Government Policy
- R41 Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
- R48 Transportation Systems: Government Pricing and Policy