蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings
ISSN 2574-0768 (Print) | ISSN 2574-0776 (Online)
How Does the Intersection of Sex and Nonbinary Gender Identity Affect Hiring Discrimination? Evidence from a Correspondence Field Experiment
蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings
vol. 115,
May 2025
(pp. 202–08)
Abstract
This study examines the intersection of sex and nonbinary gender identity in hiring discrimination using a resume audit study, where sex was signaled via first name and nonbinary identity via "they/them" pronoun disclosure. Results show male and female nonbinary applicants face similar discrimination levels, with patterns in sex-based discrimination resembling those of cisgender applicants with the same implied sex: Female-named applicants are penalized in male-dominated occupations and vice versa. Applicants with intersecting minoritized identities鈥攂eing both the nondominant sex and disclosing nonbinary pronouns鈥攆ace heightened discrimination. These findings highlight the importance of considering intersecting identities in understanding labor market disparities.Citation
Eames, Taryn. 2025. "How Does the Intersection of Sex and Nonbinary Gender Identity Affect Hiring Discrimination? Evidence from a Correspondence Field Experiment." 蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings 115: 202–08. DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251050Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- C93 Field Experiments
- J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- J23 Labor Demand
- J71 Labor Discrimination
- M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions