蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings
ISSN 2574-0768 (Print) | ISSN 2574-0776 (Online)
Economic Sanctions and Intermediated Trade
蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings
vol. 115,
May 2025
(pp. 568–72)
Abstract
Circumvention undermines economic sanction effectiveness, yet evidence on the precise mechanisms remains limited. This paper documents two strategies deployed to work around trade sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022: intermediated trade through Caucasus and Central Asia and a simple, yet little-documented, method whereby goods shipped through the sanctioned economy to the neighboring economies fail to reach their intended destination. The latter amounted to around half of total "abnormal" exports from the European Union/United Kingdom to Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. While these strategies offset less than 10 percent of the sanctions' impact, substitution ratios exceed 50 percent for numerous sanctioned products.Citation
Chupilkin, Maxim, Beata Javorcik, Aleksandra Peeva, and Alexander Plekhanov. 2025. "Economic Sanctions and Intermediated Trade." 蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings 115: 568–72. DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251083Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- D74 Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
- F13 Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
- F14 Empirical Studies of Trade
- F51 International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
- P26 Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems; Property Rights
- P33 Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid