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Enabling Employment: How Do Employer Disability Practices Affect Disability Employment Outcomes?

By Lawrence Houston and Douglas Kruse

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We use panel data from 235 firms from 2019–2023 to examine how disability-related practices affect disability employment outcomes, using a detailed annual survey of large US companies in the National Organization on Disability, which collectively employ...

Rigidities in Transportation and Supply Chain Disruptions

By Giulia Brancaccio, Myrto Kalouptsidi, and Theodore Papageorgiou

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

In this paper, we provide a simple and intuitive story for supply chain disruptions driven by the rigidities in the transportation sector. Focusing on maritime shipping, we argue that the frequent macroeconomic shocks that shape demand for transportation ...

Spatial Externalities, Inefficiency, and Sufficient Statistics

By Gabriel Kreindler and Kartik Patekar

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

How much economic inefficiency is generated by spatial externalities such as agglomeration or congestion? What can we learn with data and variation around an inefficient equilibrium? We express deadweight loss in an equilibrium model with spatial external...

Sea Level Rise and Urban Infrastructure

By Allan Hsiao

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

How exposed are cities to the threat of sea level rise? I quantify this exposure worldwide with a focus on urban infrastructure. I document three facts. First, Asian cities are highly exposed. Second, poorer cities and neighborhoods are less exposed. Thir...

Optimizing Electric Vehicle Infrastructure

By Costas Arkolakis, Kenneth T. Gillingham, and Seung-Yong Yoo

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

What are the welfare gains from upgrading electric vehicle infrastructure? This paper develops a model of electric vehicle charging location decisions incorporating the transportation network structure, allocation of travel, and the effect on electric veh...

Economic Sanctions and Intermediated Trade

By Maxim Chupilkin, Beata Javorcik, Aleksandra Peeva, and Alexander Plekhanov

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Circumvention undermines economic sanction effectiveness, yet evidence on the precise mechanisms remains limited. This paper documents two strategies deployed to work around trade sanctions imposed on Russia in 2022: intermediated trade through Caucasus a...

Dodging Trade Sanctions? Evidence from Military Goods

By Lisa Scheckenhofer, Feodora A. Teti, and Joschka Wanner

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to unprecedented sanctions aimed at denying Russia access to critical technologies essential for sustaining its war efforts. This paper examines whether trade sanctions targeting military goods were undermined b...

Trade Sanctions against Russia: Stylized Facts

By Konstantin Egorov, Vasily Korovkin, Alexey Makarin, and Dzhamilya Nigmatulina

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Using a novel comprehensive dataset on sanctions imposed on the exports to Russia after 2022, we document four stylized facts. First, these sanctions covered 33 percent of Russia's pre-2022 imports in value. Second, though most of the sanctions were conce...

Long-Run Consequences of Sanctions on Russia

By David Baqaee and Hannes Malmberg

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We analyze the long-run economic consequences of Western sanctions on Russia. Using a new framework for balanced growth path analysis, we find that allowing for capital adjustment amplifies consumption loss due to sanctions, contrary to the intuition that...

Inventories, Integration, Productivity, and Welfare

By George Alessandria, Shafaat Yar Khan, and Armen Khederlarian

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We augment a heterogeneous firm trade model with rich logistic frictions—order costs and delivery times—that differ by source and tariffs to evaluate how trade influences the aggregate economy. These frictions lead importers to order larger amounts le...

The Cost of Delivery Delays

By Maria-Jose Carreras-Valle and Alessandro Ferrari

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

The rise in supply disruptions after COVID-19 affected businesses across the United States. Yet, measures of disruptions or delays are difficult to estimate. Here, we provide a model-based measure of delays using aggregate manufacturing inventory data and...

Measuring the Average Period of Production

By Pol ´¡²Ô³Ù°ùà²õ and Vitalii Tubdenov

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Building on Böhm-Bawerk (1889), we propose a measure of the average period of production defined as a weighted average temporal distance between the time at which a firm employs its inputs and the time at which these inputs deliver finished goods to cons...

Metacognitive Awareness and Academic Performance

By Jarod Apperson, A. Nayena Blankson, Francesina Jackson, Angelino Viceisza, Bruce Wade, and Jimmeka Guillory Wright

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

Roughly 25 percent of first-year college students do not return for a second year. This has led to a range of policies and interventions to increase persistence in college. In this article, we assess whether cognitive strategy instruction (CSI) has the po...

Gender Salience and Chat-Based Communication in Teams

By Rebecca Jack

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

I use a lab experiment to study the effect of gender priming on chat-based communication in mixed- and same-gender teams with a real-effort task. I find that priming gender seems to evoke stereotypes about men's and women's roles in communication, causing...

What Deters Women from Economics

By Kristy Buzard, Katelyn Cranney, Laura K. Gee, and Olga Stoddard

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We survey undergraduate students at two US universities to investigate the perceptions of the economics major by gender. Women report a significantly lower interest in economics relative to men. In exploring potential mechanisms, we find that women antici...

Returns to Education: The Roles of Income, Gender, and Occupations

By Siyu Wang, Hui Xu, Meng Shen, and Delong Meng

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

This study explores how broader educational returns information shapes students' aspirations, focusing on gender-specific income differences and occupational education requirements. Our experiment with 582 middle school students in northeast China shows t...

SMEs and Workers during Crises: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda

By Selim Gulesci, Francesco Loiacono, Andreas Madestam, and Miri Stryjan

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We use a five-year panel of Ugandan SMEs, supplemented with phone-survey data from August 2020, to analyze how the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic affected profits and employment. Most firms had employees, enabling us to investigate whether—and how—the...

Discrimination Expectations in the Credit Market: Survey Evidence from India

By Stefano Fiorin, Joseph Hall, and Martin Kanz

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

We present results from a representative survey and an information experiment to provide evidence on discrimination expectations. We find that discrimination based on gender, caste, and religion is perceived to be widespread in society overall and in the ...

Head Start Access: No Evidence of Changes to Lifetime Fertility

By Esra Kose, Siobhan O'Keefe, and Maria Rosales-Rueda

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

This study investigates the effect of early childhood access to the Head Start program on long-term fertility outcomes. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, we exploit the staggered rollout of Head Start from 1966 to 1980 across US counties for w...

Explaining Variation in Child SSI Receipt: The Role of Medical CDRs

By Jeffrey Hemmeter, Michael Levere, and David Wittenburg

òòò½Íø Papers and Proceedings, May 2025

The administrative processes that govern the delivery of social safety net benefits have important implications for beneficiaries. We use variation in the occurrence of medical continuing disability reviews (CDRs) to explain trends of children receiving S...