蝌蚪网

The Effect of Bans and Taxes on Passive Smoking

By 闯茅谤么尘别 Adda and Francesca Cornaglia

蝌蚪网 Journal: Applied Economics, January 2010

We evaluate the effect of smoking bans and excise taxes on the exposure to tobacco smoke of nonsmokers, and we show their unintended consequences on children. Smoking bans perversely increase nonsmokers' exposure by displacing smokers to private places...

School Choice: A Mechanism Design Approach

By Atila 础产诲耻濒办补诲颈谤辞臒濒耻 and Tayfun 厂枚苍尘别锄

蝌蚪网 Review, June 2003

A central issue in school choice is the design of a student assignment mechanism. Education literature provides guidance for the design of such mechanisms but does not offer specific mechanisms. The flaws in the existing school choice plans result in appe...

Do Physicians' Financial Incentives Affect Medical Treatment and Patient Health?

By Jeffrey Clemens and Joshua D. Gottlieb

蝌蚪网 Review, April 2014

We investigate whether physicians' financial incentives influence health care supply, technology diffusion, and resulting patient outcomes. In 1997, Medicare consolidated the geographic regions across which it adjusts physician payments, generating are...

The Market for College Graduates and the Worldwide Boom in Higher Education of Women

By Gary S. Becker, William H. J. Hubbard, and Kevin M. Murphy

蝌蚪网 Review, May 2010

Habit Formation in Consumption and Its Implications for Monetary-Policy Models

By Jeffrey C. Fuhrer

蝌蚪网 Review, June 2000

This paper explores a monetary-policy model with habit formation for consumers, in which consumers' utility depends in part on current consumption relative to past consumption. The empirical tests developed in the paper show that one can reject the hypoth...

Missing in Action: Teacher and Health Worker Absence in Developing Countries

[Symposium: Public Sector Absenteeism]

By Nazmul Chaudhury, Jeffrey Hammer, Michael Kremer, Karthik Muralidharan, and F. Halsey Rogers

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2006

In this paper, we report results from surveys in which enumerators made unannounced visits to primary schools and health clinics in Bangladesh, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Peru and Uganda and recorded whether they found teachers and health workers in the f...

The Efficient Market Hypothesis and Its Critics

[Symposium: Financial Market Efficiency]

By Burton G. Malkiel

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2003

Revolutions often spawn counterrevolutions and the efficient market hypothesis in finance is no exception. The intellectual dominance of the efficient-market revolution has more been challenged by economists who stress psychological and behaviorial elemen...

Equality of Opportunity: Theory and Measurement

By John E. Roemer and Alain Trannoy

Journal of Economic Literature, December 2016

During the last third of the twentieth century, political philosophers actively debated about the content of distributive justice; the ruling ethical view of utilitarianism was challenged by various versions of equality of opportunities. Economists formul...

Airport Congestion When Carriers Have Market Power

By Jan K. Brueckner

蝌蚪网 Review, December 2002

This paper analyzes airport congestion when carriers are nonatomistic, showing how the results of the road-pricing literature are modified when the economic agents causing congestion have market power. The analysis shows that when an airport is dominated ...

How the West "Invented" Fertility Restriction

By Nico 痴辞颈驳迟濒盲苍诲别谤 and Hans-Joachim Voth

蝌蚪网 Review, October 2013

We analyze the emergence of the first socioeconomic institution in history limiting fertility: west of a line from St. Petersburg to Trieste, the European Marriage Pattern (EMP) reduced childbirths by approximately one-third between the fourteenth and ...

Has Economic Analysis Improved Regulatory Decisions?

[Symposium: Regulatory Economics]

By Robert W. Hahn and Paul C. Tetlock

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2008

In response to the increasing impact of regulation, several governments have introduced economic analysis as a way of trying to improve regulatory policy. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of government-supported economic analysis of regulati...

Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States since 1850: Comment

By Yu Xie and Alexandra Killewald

蝌蚪网 Review, August 2013

Using historical census and survey data, Long and Ferrie (2013) found a significant decline in social mobility in the United States from 1880 to 1973. We present two critiques of the Long-Ferrie study. First, the data quality of the Long-Ferrie study is m...

Insiders versus Outsiders

By Assar Lindbeck and Dennis J. Snower

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2001

A Long Way Coming: Designing Centralized Markets with Privately Informed Buyers and Sellers

By Simon Loertscher, Leslie M. Marx, and Tom Wilkening

Journal of Economic Literature, December 2015

We discuss the economics literature relevant to the design of centralized two-sided market mechanisms for environments in which both buyers and sellers have private information. The existing literature and the history of spectrum auctions, including the i...

Insurance, Consumption, and Saving: A Dynamic Analysis in Continuous Time

By R.A. Somerville

蝌蚪网 Review, September 2004

This paper shows how the demand for non-life insurance interacts with consumption and saving. The analysis is set in continuous time, using the maximum principle. When insurance is actuarially fair, the insurance and consumption decisions are separable. W...

The Evolution of Brand Preferences: Evidence from Consumer Migration

By Bart J. Bronnenberg, Jean-Pierre H. 顿耻产茅, and Matthew Gentzkow

蝌蚪网 Review, October 2012

We study the long-run evolution of brand preferences, using new data on consumers' life histories and purchases of consumer packaged goods. Variation in where consumers have lived in the past allows us to isolate the causal effect of past experiences on c...

Sniping and Squatting in Auction Markets

By Jeffrey C. Ely and Tanjim Hossain

蝌蚪网 Journal: Microeconomics, August 2009

We conducted a field experiment to test the benefit from late bidding (sniping) in online auction markets. We compared sniping to early bidding (squatting) in auctions for newly-released DVDs on eBay. Sniping led to a statistically significant increase...

Short of Euphoria

[Symposium: Tax Reform]

By Richard A. Musgrave

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 1987

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 is the most sweeping reform since the early 1940s when the pressures of war finance forced the transformation of the income tax into a mass tax, and made it the core of the federal tax system. Since then many adjustments have be...

Running to Keep in the Same Place: Consumer Choice as a Game of Status

By Ed Hopkins and Tatiana Kornienko

蝌蚪网 Review, September 2004

If individuals care about their status, defined as their rank in the distribution of consumption of one "positional" good, then the consumer's problem is strategic as her utility depends on the consumption choices of others. In the symmetric Nash equilibr...

Institutions and Behavior: Experimental Evidence on the Effects of Democracy

By Pedro Dal B贸, Andrew Foster, and Louis Putterman

蝌蚪网 Review, December 2010

A novel experiment is used to show that the effect of a policy on the level of cooperation is greater when it is chosen democratically by the subjects than when it is exogenously imposed. In contrast to the previous literature, our experimental design all...