蝌蚪网

Digital Incentives in Surveys: Response Rates and Sociodemographic Effects in a Large-Scale Parental聽Nudge Intervention

By Kalena E. Cortes, Brian Holzman, Melissa Gentry, and Miranda Lambert

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

This study examines how digital incentives influence survey participation and engagement in a large randomized controlled trial of parents across six school districts. We test how incentive amount and information about vendor options affect response behav...

The Harder They Fall: Diverging Black-White Wealth in Older Age Using the Health and Retirement Study

By Teegawende H. Zeida, William A. Darity Jr., Samuel L. Myers Jr., and Illenin O. Kondo

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

Using the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we document that wealthier Black households experience slower wealth accumulation compared to White households with similar, higher initial wealth. Racial wealth accumulation gaps widen racial disparities in we...

Asian 鈥淐hilling Effect鈥� during the Pandemic: What聽Can We Learn from Reported Health Status?

By Abdihafit Shaeye and Ruth Uwaifo Oyelere

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

There is documented evidence that the origin of the COVID-19 virus in Asia led to increased discrimination and xenophobia toward individuals of Asian descent, resulting in an unprecedented rise in anti-Asian hate during the pandemic. Using a difference-in...

Social Security and Retirement of Older Blacks and Hispanics

By Emma Aguila and Zeewan Lee

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

Little research has examined how income inequalities by race/ethnic origin shape retirement decisions. Using Health and Retirement Study data from 2000鈥�2020 linked to restricted Social Security Administration records, we calculate Social Security wealth...

Improved Market Access and Indigenous Land Loss: Evidence聽from the Nineteenth-Century US Railroad Expansion

By Jeff Chan, Azim Essaji, and Rob Gillezeau

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

We study the effects of colonial market access on the loss of lands for Indigenous nations, using the rapid expansion of the US railroad network in the nineteenth century as a quasi-natural experiment. We find that increased market access to Indigenous ho...

Black-White Differences in Income Tax Liability

By William Gale, Oliver Hall, and John Sabelhaus

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

The federal income tax does not explicitly discriminate by race or ethnicity but can still generate disparate outcomes when a group鈥檚 activity correlates with determinants of tax liability. Using Survey of Consumer Finances data and NBER鈥檚 TAXSIM mode...

The Impact of Immigration Policies on Reentry Rates among聽Deportees

By Eunsik Chang, Heriberto Gonzalez-Lozano, and Sandra Orozco-Aleman

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

We examine whether US interior immigration enforcement policies deter deportees from reentering the United States and whether these effects vary by individual characteristics. Using data from the Mexican Survey of Migration to the Northern Border and expl...

Resilient Finance, Stratified Costs: Unmasking Racial Disparities in Disaster-Induced Bank Closures

By Isaac Marcelin, Wei Sun, and Gaye-Del Lo

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

Climate disasters and bank branch closures can reshape mortgage credit without obvious changes in headline approval rates. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act applications matched to county disasters (SHELDUS) and branch closures (S&P Global), we estimate ...

President's Foreword

By Katharine G. Abraham

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

Editors鈥� Introduction

By William R. Johnson

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

The Effects of Racial Segregation on Intergenerational Mobility: Evidence from Historical Railroad Placement

By Eric Chyn, Kareem Haggag, and Bryan A. Stuart

蝌蚪网 Journal: Applied Economics, April 2026

This paper provides new evidence on the causal impacts of citywide racial segregation on intergenerational mobility. We use an instrumental variable approach that relies on plausibly exogenous variation in segregation due to the arrangement of railroad tr...

Some Macroeconomic Evidence on Substitution between Clean and Dirty Energy

By Gregory Casey, Yang Gao, and Peter K. Kruse-Andersen

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

We investigate the aggregate elasticity of substitution between clean and dirty energy using time-series data from the United States. To match the data, a standard macro climate-economy model requires an elasticity that is close to one in the long run but...

Organizing Production across Borders in a Time of Uncertainty

By Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari, and Haruka Takayama

蝌蚪网 Papers and Proceedings, May 2026

Intensifying geopolitical turmoil has revealed the fragility of international production networks. This paper demonstrates how multinational firms are redefining their organizational boundaries by examining cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) as a...

Early Learning across Decades: Advances in Measuring Head Start Effectiveness

By Chloe R. Gibbs

Journal of Economic Literature

The Head Start program, launched in 1965 and targeted to children from disadvantaged backgrounds, remains the largest early childhood care and education (ECE) program in the United States and the only one deployed at the federal level. As such, the Head S...

Class Disparities and Discrimination in Traffic Stops and Searches

By Benjamin Feigenberg and Conrad Miller

蝌蚪网 Journal: Applied Economics

We study class disparities in highway patrol traffic stops. Low-income motorists are more likely to be searched for contraband, less likely to be found with contraband when searched, and more likely to be stopped for infractions associated with pretext st...

Scars of War: The Legacy of WWI Deaths on Civic Capital and Combat Motivation

By Felipe Carozzi, Edward Pinchbeck, and Luca Repetto

蝌蚪网 Journal: Applied Economics

We study how the legacy of WWI deaths affected British communities and the next generation of soldiers. Our instrumental-variable estimates show that servicemen from localities that suffered heavier losses in WWI were considerably more likely to die or...

Deterring Industrial Vessels from African Coastal Fisheries

By Aishwarya Agarwal and Gabriel Englander

蝌蚪网 Journal: Economic Policy

Can African countries deter industrial fishing vessels from near-shore waters reserved for artisanal fishers? Using radar data released in 2024, this paper provides the first causal evaluation of these Inshore Exclusion Zones (IEZs). Regression disconti...

Non-Tariff Barriers in the U.S.-China Trade War

By Tuo Chen, Chang-Tai Hsieh, and Zheng (Michael) Song

蝌蚪网 Journal: Macroeconomics

Unofficial non-tariff barriers were responsible for 50% of the reduction in Chinese imports from the U.S. during the 2018-2019 trade war. We infer NTBs from the change in imports of U.S. products relative to imports from other countries of the same HS6 pr...

Endogenous Tracking: Sorting and Peer Effects

By Aleksei Chernulich, Romain Gauriot, and Daehong Min

蝌蚪网 Journal: Microeconomics

Can an educational system without ability tracking and signalling motive generate self-sorting of students by ability? We build a theoretical model to show that when seeking positive peer effects is combined with costly educational choices, even in the...

Markets, Contracts, and Hierarchies: How Bargaining Frictions Affect Governance

By Tore Ellingsen and Topi Miettinen

蝌蚪网 Journal: Microeconomics

We develop an organizational governance model with a single buyer and endogenous upstream entry. Investments and control rights over assets and actions are immediately contractable; production is contractable after uncertainty resolves. We show the fol...